区块链隐私不是奢侈品，是必需品——499DeFi Rocket

引言

整个金融系统的发展就是为了处理股权、债务、其衍生品和货币问题。未来十年，DeFi 的应用会有很大的增长。Findora  能够带来原生的隐私、身份和高安全性，作为下一代金融基础设施的隐私保护型公共区块链，Findora  解决了隐私和可扩展性问题，强调可扩展性，提供了普遍的访问和显著提高的效率。同时还保护用户身份，Findora为想要在区块链上构建可持续金融应用的各方提供终极便利--跨越多种货币选择。

以下为AMA全文

明明：Findora positions itself as the private financial public chain. What problems can it solve and what value can it bring?

Findora定位隐私金融公链，它能解决什么问题，带来什么便利？

Paul Sherer：As the privacy preserving public blockchain aimed to serve as the next generation financial infrastructure, Findora solves the privacy and scalability issues. Our emphasis on scalability provides universal access and significantly improved efficiency.  As well, we protect user identity, to deliver the ultimate convenience for all parties who want to build sustainable financial applications on blockchain -- across multiple currency options.

由于保护隐私的公共区块链旨在成为下一代金融基础设施，因此Findora致力于解决隐私和可扩展性问题。我们对可扩展性的重视提供了通用性的访问权限，并显着提高了执行效率。同样，我们保护用户身份，为希望在区块链上构建可持续金融应用程序的所有各方提供最终的便利-跨多种货币选择。

Findora is on the cutting edge of blockchain technology: we are aiming to bring breakthrough to Web 3.0 rather than incremental improvements. The core problems we solve and the innovative technology we use make us unique: we use a variety of the newest trustless and efficient zero knowledge proof techniques to bring efficient confidential/anonymous asset operations/transactions to an open blockchain; we use the similar technology to create confidential identity and credential for open blockchains; 

Findora处于区块链技术的最前沿：我们旨在为Web 3.0带来突破，而不是逐步改进。我们解决的核心问题和使用的创新技术使我们与众不同：我们使用各种最新的无需信任和高效的零知识证明技术，将有效的机密/匿名资产操作/交易引入开放式区块链；我们使用类似的技术为开放式区块链创建机密身份和资质凭证；

we use the best in the class zkSNARKS to create optimized ZK Rollup services to help scale up the entire blockchain sphere; we innovatively use a variety of authenticated data structures to make a highly efficient new blockchain. These features are so important to give the financial industry the confidence to make the (bold) move onto blockchain at a large scale.

我们使用同类中最好的zkSNARKS来创建优化的ZK-Rollup服务，以帮助扩展整个区块链领域；我们创新地使用各种经过验证的数据结构来创建高效的新区块链。这些功能非常重要，可以使金融业有信心（大胆）大规模移入区块链。

明明：Most public chains will be compared to ETHereum, and faced with ecological building challenges. How does Findora view Ethereum's position in the industry and how will it promote ecosystem building?

多数公链都会被拿来与以太坊做比较，并且面临生态建设的难题，Findora怎么看待以太坊在业内的地位，会怎么推进生态建设？

Paul Sherer：We are not positioning ourselves as another Ethereum contender. We will play a role of ecosystem collaborator to the overall Ethereum community. Findora will participate in the Defi in two ways:

我们并没有将自己定位为另一个以太坊竞争者。我们将在整个以太坊社区中扮演生态系统合作者的角色。Findora将以两种方式参与Defi：

1. Findora provides ZK Rollup and confidential transaction capability to the existing Defi apps on ETHEREUM to enhance their throughput and privacy: faster, cheaper and enabling a lot more features otherwise impossible without confidentiality;

2. Findora is based on cross chain and verifiable computation technology, any Ethereum based assets can atomically transfer and transact on Findora. We can provide scalability and cost advantage to apps built directly on us. Private Defi applications include a series of new defi products including Dark Pool Dex (allow SECret large ticket crypto transaction), confidential FX pool (that can allow confidential cross-border money transfer), just to name a few.

1.Findora为ETHEREUM上的现有Defi应用程序提供ZK Rollup和机密交易功能，以提高其吞吐量和隐私：更快，更便宜，并且开启许多必须要有隐私才能实现的新功能；

2. Findora基于跨链和可验证的计算技术，任何基于以太坊的资产都可以在Findora上进行原子转移和交易。我们可以为直接基于我们构建的应用程序提供可扩展性和成本优势。私密Defi应用程序包括一系列新的defi产品，包括Dark Pool Dex（允许秘密大票加密交易），机密FX池（可以允许机密的跨境汇款），仅举几例，

We will release soon with mainnet launch. The technology we use to build privacy preserving defi includes Bulletproofs, Dark compiler, Supersonic, Plonk, advanced cryptography signatures and more. The Zei cryptography Library that Findora built is one of the most advanced and comprehensive crypto libraries in the world.

我们将在主网启动后尽快发布。我们用于构建隐私保护的技术包括Bulletproofs，Dark编译器，Supersonic，Plonk，高级密码学多签名等。Findora开发的Zei密码库是世界上最先进、最全面的密码库之一。

As for ecosystem building for Findora, we view the community as the key to our success. We divide community into several sub segments: general crypto community; developer /researcher's community and enterprise users as a community. We believe these communities should be equally strong and benefit each other. On the general crypto community side, we have teams around the world to raise awareness of the Findora brand and services, deploy all kinds of growth programs including incentivized participation, gamified application experiments, and bounty programs. We also have a privacy preserving stable coin project that is designed to help solve lack of banking access and cost effective international remittance issues.

至于建立Findora生态系统，我们将社区视为成功的关键。我们将社区分为几个子部分：通用加密社区；开发人员/研究人员的社区和企业用户社区。我们认为这些社区应同样强大，并互惠互利。在一般的加密社区方面，我们在世界各地都有团队来提高对Findora品牌和服务的认知，部署各种增长计划，包括激励参与，游戏化应用实验和赏金计划。我们还有一个保护隐私的稳定币项目，旨在帮助解决缺乏银行服务的问题和提供方经济高效的国际汇款服务。

On the developer and researcher's community side, we have a Findora Advanced Research Institute consisting of established researchers, economists and computer scientists。We have specialized funds to sponsor research projects for both private and public domains especially in cryptography. We are willing to invest in and nourish a developer's community. An ecosystem fund is being set up to invest in Defi and other applications.

在开发人员和研究人员的社区方面，我们有一个由有声望的研究人员，经济学家和计算机科学家组成的Findora高级研究所。我们有专门的资金赞助私人和公共领域（尤其是密码学）的研究项目。我们愿意投资并培育开发者社区。正在建立一个生态系统基金，以投资于Defi和其他应用程序。

Finally, enterprise adoption is huge for blockchain. We firmly believe, practically, a large portion of the world's total transactions will be moved onto the blockchain. And we are already working with partners like cloud service providers and solution providers to help move small-to-medium sized enterprises onto cloud hosted blockchain based transactional systems. Such systems are configured as Findora public blockcain's subnetworks and the more adoptions we have, the more support to our Findora main chain and token utilities will occur..

最后，企业采纳对于区块链来说是巨大的促进。我们坚信，实际上，全球总交易的很大一部分将被转移到区块链上。我们已经在与云服务提供商和企业解决方案提供商等合作伙伴合作，以帮助将中小型企业转移到云托管的基于区块链的交易系统上。这样的系统被配置为Findora公共区块链的子网，并且我们被采用的越多，我们的Findora主链和通证实用程序得到的支持就越多。

明明：In terms of privacy protection, how does Findora do it, and what are the differences and advantages vs Oasis and Phala?

在保护隐私层面，Findora是如何做到的，与Oasis、Phala等有什么区别和优势？

Paul Sherer：Findora uses Zero Knowledge Proofs technology to enable confidentiality and anonymity on blockchain. The privacy is native to the Findora chain. Findora offers several mechanisms to prevent leaking inference data to the public, e.g. patterns of behavior that are revealed when the same public key addresses are used across multiple transactions.  Some of the enterprise oriented solutions we use on Findora include:

Findora使用零知识证明技术来实现区块链的机密性和匿名性。隐私是Findora链原生的。Findora提供了多种机制来防止将可推理数据泄露给公众，例如在多个交易中使用相同的公共密钥地址时揭示的行为模式。我们在Findora上使用的一些面向企业和消费者的解决方案包括：

1). A fully anonymous sidechain that uses zero-knowledge proofs for complete anonymity (sender and receiver public keys are hidden), but it is possible to enable regulator viewing-keys that special authorized parties can use to break anonymity. A sidechain has an “owner” or a network of “shared ownership” who are able to delegate viewing keys to authorized parties.

1）完全匿名的侧链，使用零知识证明来实现完全匿名（发送者和接收者的公共密钥被隐藏），但是可以启用监管者查看密钥，特殊的受权方可以使用该密钥来打破匿名性。侧链具有“所有者”或“共享所有权”网络，能够将查看密钥委托给授权方。

2). Trusted ‘mixing’ services (e.g. a bank) who relay assets from a large pool of accounts to a new pool of accounts. Each user transfers its assets (confidentially) to the trusted mixer from an old account address, and then creates a fresh new address to which the mixer transfers back the same asset.

2）值得信赖的“混合”服务（例如银行），可将资产从大量帐户中转移到新帐户中。每个用户从旧帐户地址（秘密地）将其资产转移到受信任的混合器，然后创建一个新的新地址，混合器将相同的资产转移回该地址。

On public Findora services, Findora supports confidential asset tracers and delegatable viewing keys, which enables authorized parties to access the private information contained in transactions and user accounts. For many types of transactions, Findora enables partial confidentiality to comply with TATF requirements. And we do not recommend to use ring signatures and trustless coin mixers to enable anonymity as this will cause regulatory concerns.

在公开的Findora服务上，Findora支持机密资产跟踪器和可代理的查看密钥，这使授权方可以访问交易和用户帐户中包含的私人信息。对于许多类型的交易，Findora采用部分机密性以符合TATF要求。并且我们不建议使用环签名和无需信任的混币器来达到匿名，因为这将引起监管方面的焦虑。

Oasis and Phalal are both projects featuring TEE (trusted execution environment) . I personally think they are very legitimate projects and represent some interesting experiments to combine blockchain and TEE. If I have to  talk about the difference, I would say Findora is focused on blockchain native privacy especially based on transparent cryptography that is secure and free of single point of failure. Versatile online transaction processing is definitely our emphasis.

Oasis和Phalal都是具有TEE（可信执行环境）功能的项目。它们是非常好的项目，代表将区块链和TEE结合起来的一些有趣的尝试。我们提供了一个隐私环境，其中Findora专注于区块链原生隐私，特别是基于安全且无单点故障的透明加密技术。安全和通用的在线交易处理绝对是我们的重点。

明明：Cryptocurrencies ZEC, XMR, DASH and Grin, which emphasize privacy, were previously delisted by Bittrex. Will this affect Findora? How will Findora balance regulation and privacy?

强调隐私的加密货币ZEC、XMR、DASH和Grin此前遭到Bittrex下架，这对Findora会造成影响吗？Findora会在监管跟隐私当中如何平衡？

Paul Sherer：Findora will not be affected by the recent regulatory restrictions placed on these private coins. Findora is a smart contract platform with auditable privacy features. As a financial public chain, Findora has always regarded compliance and auditability as its core functions (see Findora's white paper), and has identity functions such as financial passports, first of its kind in blockchain. The Findora mainnet token FRA is designed to comply with FATF (Financial Action Task Force)’s VASP compliance requirements. It is not a privacy currency and will not be affected.

 对于这些隐私代币，最近的法规限制不会影响Findora。Findora是具有可审核隐私功能的智能合约平台。作为金融公共链，Findora一直将合规性和可审计性作为其核心功能（请参阅Findora的白皮书），并拥有诸如金融护照之类的身份识别功能，这在区块链中尚属首次。Findora主网通证FRA旨在符合FATF（金融行动任务组）的VASP合规要求。它不是隐私货币，不会受到影响。

All tokens created and issued on Findora will have privacy features and will be very different from the captioned privacy coins: 1. They are auditable while the others are not (that’s why Zcash and Monero and alikes raised some regulatory concerns); 2. privacy preserving coins on Findora support smart contracts (while the others are not). This is significant: you can program these coins like that on Ethereum. In the future, every token should have privacy features. Even Vitalik from Ethereum agreed. To us, the key is to maintain privacy (that everyone needs) while keeping the transparency.

在Findora上创建和发行的所有通证都将具有隐私功能，并且与问题中的隐私币有很大的不同：1.它们是可审核的，而其他则不是（这就是Zcash和Monero等引起了一些监管问题的原因）；2. Findora上的隐私保护通证支持智能合约（其他则不支持）。这很重要：您可以像在以太坊上一样对这些资产进行编程。将来，每个通证都应具有隐私功能。甚至以太坊的Vitalik也同意。对我们来说，关键是要保持隐私（每个人都需要），同时保持透明度。

明明：For DeFi, where does Findora think the next trend will be? What role can Findora play in it?

对于DeFi，Findora认为下一个爆发点会在哪里？Findora可以在其中充当什么角色？

Paul Sherer：We see significant growth in DeFi applications over the coming decade. Finance assets can be simply broken down into several categories: equity, debt, their derivatives and currencies. The entire financial system is developed to deal with these. The DeFi experiment happening on (mainly) Ethereum is showcasing the power of being permissionless, frictionless and interoperable.

在未来十年中，我们将看到DeFi应用程序的显着增长。金融资产可以简单地分为几类：股权，债务，其衍生品和货币。整个金融系统就是为了解决这些问题而开发的。以太坊上发生的DeFi实验（主要是）展示了无许可，无摩擦和可互操作的力量。

I personally think a hybrid of debt and equity and DAO as a new type of investment and governance vehicle look promising. Again, we will need a much more scalable network and manageable privacy setting to really achieve sustainable DeFi products. Findora can play an important role by providing privacy and high throughput solution (ZK based). And it is possible to introduce ZKiD.

我个人认为，将债务和股权以及DAO混合使用作为一种新型的投资和治理工具似乎很有希望。同样，我们将需要更具扩展性的网络和可管理的隐私设置，以真正实现可持续的DeFi产品。通过提供隐私和高吞吐量解决方案（基于ZK），Findora可以发挥重要作用。并且有可能介绍ZKiD。

明明：Blockchain is closely related to the financial industry. In addition to DeFi, what role can it play in traditional finance?

区块链与金融行业联系紧密，除了DeFi之外，还可以对传统金融起到什么作用？

Paul Sherer：Findora’s capability of bringing in native privacy, identity and high security is especially interesting to enterprise users. We have so far received very positive  reviews from our business partners and Findora is working with various partners to develop use cases, such as cross-border payment processing (where the user and transactional data stay local and private), supply chain finance solution (tokenize the account payables without sacrificing the supply contract data) and stable currency issuance.

Findora引入原生隐私、身份和高安全性的能力对于企业用户而言特别有吸引力。到目前为止，我们收到了业务合作伙伴的好评，并且Findora正在与各种合作伙伴合作开发用例，例如跨境支付处理（用户和交易数据保持本地和私有），供应链金融解决方案（通证化应付帐款，而不会牺牲供应合同数据的私密性）和稳定币发行。

Moreover, Findora can support the highly granular audit of IoT applications and Social Innovation programs including Healthcare and Clean Tech operations.

此外，Findora可以支持对IoT应用程序和社会创新计划（包括医疗保健和清洁技术运营）进行高度精细的审核。

明明：Findora just ended the public offering early, why did you choose to end it early? What is the token model of Findora?

Findora刚刚提前结束了公募，为何选择提前结束？Findora的代币模型是什么样的？

Paul Sherer：Our choice to complete our ICO early was an easy decision for the Findora Foundation. We have received overwhelming support from community members from many countries. Due to the very positive recent market movement, a lot of existing early purchasers suggested lowering the offering size and expanding the community development and research funds with longer vesting periods.

对于Findora基金会来说，我们选择提前结束ICO的决定很容易做出。我们得到了来自许多国家的社区成员的压倒性支持。由于最近的市场走势非常积极，因此许多现有的早期购买者建议降低发行规模，并以较长的解锁si期来扩大社区发展和研究基金的份额。

A democratic decision was made and the end result was smaller initial circulation and circulation within the first year. Our token model features lower inflation to deflation in terms of emission. We have up to 1% per year of total supply issued as block rewards for the first two years and then the community will run the meta-governance protocol to decide if the block reward will be canceled. Validators always earn transaction fees for their work.

Findora做出了民主决定，最终结果是较小的初始发行量和第一年内的发行量。我们的代币模型在释放方面具有较低的通货膨胀率甚至可能会通缩。在头两年中，我们每年会发行最多1％的总奖励作为区块奖励，然后社区将运行元治理协议来决定是否取消区块奖励。当然验证者节点和押注人总是能为他们的工作赚取到交易费。

The FRA token is the ultimate representation of the utilities on Findora blockchain. The token economics is designed to make sure the token will directly reflect the growth of the network and the aggregated asset scale on the network while keeping reasonable scarcity.

FRA通证是Findora区块链上实用性的最终表示。通证经济学旨在确保通证将直接反映网络的增长和网络上的资产总规模，同时保持合理的稀缺性。

In addition to the common use cases of the tokens such as staking, gas fee, block creation rewards ETC, such tokens are also being required for L2 liquidity mining, asset pooling, deployment of commercial applications and side ledgers, and more. For instance, the enterprises that deploy side ledgers for multi-party supply chain finance, trade financing, equity swap trading and KYC management will be required to pledge our system tokens.

除了通证，汽油费、区块创建奖励等通证的常见用例外，L2流动性挖掘，资产池，商业应用程序和侧链分类账的部署等也需要通证。例如，将要求为多方供应链金融，贸易融资，股权掉期交易和KYC管理部署侧链的企业需要抵押我们的系统通证FRA。

明明：Findora provides "financial passports". What are these financial passports, how do they work？

Findora的Financial Passport是一个什么样的产品？具体怎么运行的？

Paul Sherer：Financial passports aggregate information about a user, starting with basic information about the user’s accreditation and financial identity, to credit rating/scores, AML whitelisting, etc. It’s very useful under a public blockchain setting.

金融通行证会汇总有关用户的信息，从有关用户资格和财务身份的基本信息开始，再到信用评级/分数，AML白名单等。在公共区块链设置下，这非常有用。

All the information in a user’s passport is verified and signed by at least one verified authority or a group of validators, or can be brought in by confidential oracles from the out-of-the -blockchain world. These signed statements are presented in the form of cryptographic selective disclosure credentials. This means the information is authenticated in such a way that users can selectively reveal components of their identities without unnecessarily compromising the privacy of their entire personal financial profile.

用户护照中的所有信息均由至少一个经过验证的机构或一组验证者进行验证和签名，或者可以由来自区块链之外的机密预言机带入。这些签名的声明以密码选择性公开凭证的形式提供。这意味着该信息将通过以下方式进行身份验证：用户可以有选择地公开其身份的组成部分，而不会不必要地损害其整个个人财务资料的隐私。

Furthermore, users can demonstrate complex statements about their authenticated profile (e.g. an income range, or threshold conjunction of several qualifications) without revealing any precise personal details at all.

此外，用户可以展示有关其已认证个人资料的复杂陈述（例如，收入范围或多个资格的门槛值），而无需透露任何精确的个人详细信息。

Financial passports function much like the public key infrastructure of the Internet. There are a set of root authorities or a network who are able to issue credentials to users and also endorse other sub-authorities with the privilege to issue credentials. Users can then store and manage their own credentials just as they would manage their cryptographic keys, and they may also elect to share or store their credentials with a third party custodian. This identity can be confidentially linked to a UTXO address through AIR (Address Identity Registry) without revealing anything on chain.

金融通行证的功能非常类似于Internet的公钥基础设施。有一组根权限或网络，它们可以向用户颁发凭据，也可以授予其他子颁发权限以颁发凭据。然后，用户可以像管理密码密钥一样存储和管理自己的凭据，并且他们还可以选择与第三方保管人共享或存储其凭据。该身份可以通过AIR（地址身份注册表）秘密地链接到UTXO地址，而无需在链上泄露任何内容。